Traditional hot stamping anodized aluminum is generally composed of 5 layers of materials, including base film layer (sheet base), separation layer (separation layer), dyeing layer (protective layer), aluminum plating layer, adhesive layer, etc.

烫印时，电化铝分离层、胶粘层受热熔化，在压力作用下，完成分离层与基膜层的分离，实现铝箔色料层转印。

During hot stamping, the electrochemical aluminum separation layer and adhesive layer are heated and melted. Under the action of pressure, the separation layer and the base film layer are separated to realize the transfer of aluminum foil pigment layer.

冷烫金所用电化铝结构上与传统电化铝基本一致。

The structure of anodized aluminum used in cold stamping gold is basically the same as that of traditional anodized aluminum.

其背面不涂胶，粘合剂在印刷时直接印刷或涂布在需要装饰的承印物预定位置上。转印时，电化铝在压力作用，同粘合剂接触、干燥，并在粘合剂的作用下，完成电化铝色料层转印。

The back is not coated with glue, and the adhesive is directly printed or coated on the predetermined position of the substrate to be decorated during printing. During the transfer, the anodized aluminum contacts and dries with the adhesive under the action of pressure, and completes the transfer of the anodized color layer under the action of the adhesive.

传统型电化铝烫印，需预先根据设计的图文采用腐蚀法或电子雕刻等方式制作烫印模版，一般模版多为一块金属凸版或阴阳啮合的两块模版，金属凸版多为铜板或铜锌合金版等，也有少量的其他材质，另一块多为高分子材料制作，考虑到烫印时容易磨损，故制版时数量相对较多。烫印时，将烫印模版安装在烫印设备上，通过加热系统和压力完成电化铝分离层、胶粘层的熔化及转印。工艺目前较为成熟，设备种类较多，生产效率也较高。

For traditional anodized hot stamping, it is necessary to make hot stamping templates by means of corrosion method or electronic engraving in advance according to the designed pictures and texts. Generally, the templates are mostly one metal relief plate or two templates with Yin and Yang engaged. The metal relief plate is mostly copper plate or copper zinc alloy plate, and there are also a small amount of other materials. The other is mostly made of polymer materials. Considering that it is easy to wear during hot stamping, Therefore, the number of plate making is relatively large. During hot stamping, the hot stamping template is installed on the hot stamping equipment, and the melting and transfer of electrochemical aluminum separation layer and adhesive layer are completed through heating system and pressure. At present, the process is relatively mature, there are many types of equipment and high production efficiency.

其烫印工艺流程包括烫印前准备工作、装版、垫版、烫印工艺参数确定(温度、压力、时间)、试烫、签样、正式烫印等多个环节。

The hot stamping process includes preparation before hot stamping, plate loading, plate pad, determination of hot stamping process parameters (temperature, pressure, time), trial ironing, sample signing, formal hot stamping and so on.

结合电化铝冷烫印工艺原理设计其烫印工艺流程，如图5所示。通过流程图可以清楚的看到冷烫印工艺主要包括产品多色印刷、胶粘剂印刷、适当干燥、冷烫印、复合保护层等。其原理是通过预先在承印物上印刷胶粘剂，在通过胶粘剂的粘附性能在压力作用下将冷烫型电化铝需要的部分(即图文部分)转印到承印物表面，形成图文，考虑到图文附着效果不佳，通过后续的表面上光、覆膜等印后加工工艺技术改善其在承印物表面的附着效果，提高产品烫印质量。

Combined with the principle of electrochemical aluminum cold hot stamping process, the hot stamping process is designed, as shown in Figure 5. It can be clearly seen from the flow chart that the cold hot stamping process mainly includes product multi-color printing, adhesive printing, proper drying, cold hot stamping, composite protective layer, etc. The principle is that the adhesive is printed on the substrate in advance, and the part required by cold hot anodized aluminum (i.e. picture and text part) is transferred to the substrate surface under pressure through the adhesion performance of the adhesive to form a picture and text. Considering the poor picture and text adhesion effect, the adhesion effect on the substrate surface is improved through subsequent surface polishing, film coating and other post printing processing technologies, Improve product hot stamping quality.

冷烫金常见工艺步骤一般为：印刷∪V油墨。烘干后，在油墨外表必要烫金的部位印刷特种粘合剂—UV固化粘合剂;而后通过UV干燥装置将粘合剂水分去除到一定程度，形成一层高粘度，非常薄的压敏胶层;开始冷烫印，在一对金属滚筒压力作用下，使铝箔同粘合剂紧密接触并压合为一体。由于粘合剂同铝箔之间粘结力较大，所以排废时，铝箔与粘合剂接触的部位留在印品承印物表面，形成了预定的图文，而铝箔的其它部分与传统烫印一样被排废。生产过程中发现:采用此种工艺转印的色料层在印刷品表面附着牢固度较差，必须采取相应的工艺加以保护，否则较易磨损。一般印刷企业采取在印品表面上光或覆膜等工艺加以保护冷烫印。

The common process steps of cold stamping gold are generally as follows: first, print ∪ V ink. After drying, the special adhesive UV curing adhesive shall be printed on the necessary bronzing part of the ink surface; Then, the moisture of the adhesive is removed to a certain extent through the UV drying device to form a layer of high viscosity and very thin pressure-sensitive adhesive layer; Start cold hot stamping. Under the pressure of a pair of metal rollers, the aluminum foil is in close contact with the adhesive and pressed into one. Due to the large adhesive force between the adhesive and the aluminum foil, when discharging, the contact part between the aluminum foil and the adhesive remains on the surface of the printed substrate to form a predetermined picture and text, while other parts of the aluminum foil are discharged like traditional hot stamping. In the production process, it is found that the pigment layer transferred by this process has poor adhesion on the surface of the printed matter, and corresponding processes must be taken to protect it, otherwise it is easy to wear. General printing enterprises adopt processes such as polishing or coating on the surface of printed products to protect cold hot stamping.

传统型烫印产品质量主要受到加工设备、烫印材料、烫印工艺技术参数及人为操作等要素决定。传统型电化铝烫印经过近年来的广泛使用和工艺技术人才的不断改进，目前已经工艺成熟度已经较为成熟，尤其是加工设备、烫印材料等，只要在实际生产过程中有效的控制和调节好烫印工艺参数，一般就可以生产出高质量的烫印产品。

The quality of traditional hot stamping products is mainly determined by processing equipment, hot stamping materials, technical parameters of hot stamping process and human operation. After the extensive use of traditional anodized hot stamping in recent years and the continuous improvement of process and technical personnel, the process maturity has been relatively mature, especially the processing equipment and hot stamping materials. As long as the hot stamping process parameters are effectively controlled and adjusted in the actual production process, high-quality hot stamping products can generally be produced.

冷烫印质量影响因素

Influencing factors of cold hot stamping quality

总体来说，影响冷烫印产品质量的主要因素总体上和传统工艺基本相同，但是就具体的加工工艺参数而言，差异较大，主要是设备的加工材料不同，包括胶粘剂的选择和适度干燥、烫印压力收卷速度、UV干燥及后续表面保护工艺等，都会严重的影响烫印质量和烫印效果。冷烫金工艺受粘合剂、金属箔等条件的限制，存在以下缺点和不足。

Generally speaking, the main factors affecting the quality of cold hot stamping products are basically the same as the traditional process, but the specific processing process parameters are quite different, mainly due to the different processing materials of the equipment, including the selection and moderate drying of adhesive, hot stamping pressure, winding speed, UV drying and subsequent surface protection process, Will seriously affect the hot stamping quality and hot stamping effect. The cold stamping process is limited by the conditions such as adhesive and metal foil, and has the following disadvantages and deficiencies.

附着不牢

Loose adhesion

印刷品冷烫金后必须上光或覆膜，用以保护烫金图纹，增加了烫金成本和工艺的复杂性。

Printed matter must be polished or covered with film after cold stamping to protect the bronzing pattern, which increases the bronzing cost and process complexity.

部分烫印材料不合适

Some hot stamping materials are inappropriate

冷烫金工艺不适合应用在有收缩特性的薄膜材料上，如PVC、PE等材料。

Cold stamping process is not suitable for film materials with shrinkage characteristics, such as PVC, PE and other materials.

光泽效果略差

The gloss effect is slightly poor

由于UV粘合剂流平性差，所以干燥后的表面有些不是平面，导致转移在其上面的金属箔表面亮度差，有慢反射现象，冷烫金的效果不如传统的热烫金。

Due to the poor leveling of UV adhesive, some of the dried surface is not flat, resulting in poor brightness and slow reflection on the surface of the metal foil transferred on it. The effect of cold bronzing is not as good as that of traditional hot bronzing.

采用传统的烫金工艺制作金属版滚筒需要一到两个星期。而冷烫金制版仅需很短的时间，使生产周期大大缩短。

It takes one to two weeks to make a metal plate cylinder using the traditional bronzing process. Cold stamping plate making takes only a short time, which greatly shortens the production cycle.

适用面广

Wide application

冷烫金的材料适用面广，如可在热敏类纸张和一部分薄膜材料上进行冷烫金。使用一般柔印版代替昂贵的金属版滚筒，所以大大降低了烫金版的制作成本。

Cold stamping materials have a wide range of applications, such as cold stamping on thermal paper and some film materials. The use of general flexo printing plate instead of expensive metal plate cylinder greatly reduces the production cost of bronzing plate.