1. Pre adjustment shall be done based on experience before printing

，根据打样稿或印版图文面积，粗略调节各色组墨斗的下墨量。在配有墨色遥控系统的机器上，这项工作更易完成。对此应有八成以上的估算，不要在印刷时边印边大范围地调整墨量，以免造成很大的色差。

First, roughly adjust the amount of ink in the ink bucket of each color group according to the area of proofing draft or printing plate. On machines equipped with ink remote control system, this work is easier to complete. There should be an estimate of more than 80%. Don't adjust the ink amount in a large range while printing, so as not to cause great color difference.

其次，按照生产工艺单的要求和该产品的特点，预先调节好飞达、收纸、油墨性能、压力大小等各个环节，避免在正式印刷时手忙脚乱。其中，确保飞达可靠、连续、稳定地输纸是重要的。有经验的操作人员都是先根据纸张的幅面、厚度，预先调整好吹气、吸气、压脚、压簧、压纸轮、侧规、前规等，理顺各部件之间的运动配合关系，确保飞达流畅地输纸，避免因飞达打顿而造成墨色深浅不一。这里建议，有经验的工人师傅可以对飞达进行预先调整。

Secondly, according to the requirements of the production process sheet and the characteristics of the product, adjust Feida, paper receiving, ink performance, pressure and other links in advance to avoid rush during formal printing. Among them, ensuring Feida's reliable, continuous and stable paper feeding is the most important. Experienced operators first adjust the blowing, suction, presser foot, compression spring, paper pressing wheel, side gauge, front gauge, etc. according to the width and thickness of the paper, straighten out the movement cooperation relationship between various parts, ensure Feida's smooth paper feeding, and avoid the difference of ink color caused by Feida's beating. It is suggested that experienced workers can adjust Feida in advance.

此外，还要针对该印品的用纸质量好坏、图文面积大小，事先对油墨的黏度、流动性、干燥性等适当调节，以提高其印刷适性，确保印刷正常进行，不能因经常停机清洗橡皮布和印版上的纸毛、墨皮而造成墨色深浅不一。如果到了印刷中途再加入各种撤黏剂、调墨油，出现色彩偏差是肯定的。

In addition, according to the paper quality and graphic area of the print, the viscosity, fluidity and dryness of the ink should be properly adjusted in advance to improve its printing suitability and ensure the normal printing. The ink color should not be different due to frequent shutdown to clean the paper wool and ink skin on the blanket and printing plate. If you add all kinds of adhesive remover and ink blending oil in the middle of printing, the color deviation is certain.

总之，将开机前的预调工作做好，就可以大大降低正式开印后的故障，机长也才有时间和精力集中看好墨色。

In short, by doing a good job of pre adjustment before startup, the faults after official printing can be greatly reduced, and the captain has time and energy to focus on the ink color.

2．正确调节水、墨辊压力

2. Correctly adjust the pressure of water and ink roller

在印刷过程中，印版图文部分必须得到连续不断、均匀适量的油墨，才能获得墨色一致的印品。因此，墨辊与墨辊之间、墨辊与印版之间，必须保持恰当的接触和滚动关系，以实现油墨的良好传递。如果这项工作做得不细致，不正确，墨色就不会保持一致。因此，每次安装水、墨辊时，都坚持采用轧墨杠的方法来逐一调节它们之间的压力，而不用塞尺试拉力的传统方法，因为后者因各种人为因素导致的实际误差较大，在多色、高速机上更要禁用。于轧墨杠的宽度，一般以4～5mm为宜。先调节传墨辊与串墨辊之间的压力，再调节着墨辊与串墨辊、印版滚筒之间的压力，后再调节传水辊、靠版水辊、串水辊、中间辊相互之间的压力，还有靠版水辊与印版滚筒之间的压力，这几个水路之间的墨杠以6mm为宜。

In the printing process, the image and text part of the printing plate must be continuously and evenly applied with an appropriate amount of ink in order to obtain a printing product with consistent ink color. Therefore, the proper contact and rolling relationship must be maintained between the ink roller and the ink roller, and between the ink roller and the printing plate, so as to realize the good transmission of ink. If this work is not done carefully and correctly, the ink color will not be consistent. Therefore, each time the water and ink rollers are installed, the ink rolling bar is used to adjust the pressure between them one by one, instead of the traditional method of feeler gauge tension test, because the latter has large actual errors caused by various human factors, which should be banned on multi-color and high-speed machines. As for the width of the ink rolling bar, it is generally 4 ~ 5mm. First adjust the pressure between the ink transfer roller and the inking roller, then adjust the pressure between the ink roller, the inking roller and the printing plate roller, and finally adjust the pressure between the water transfer roller, the plate water roller, the water transfer roller and the intermediate roller, as well as the pressure between the plate water roller and the printing plate roller. The ink bar between these waterways should be 6mm.

设备在使用了两三个月后还要对其进行重新调整，因为墨辊经过一段时间的高速摩擦后，直径都会变小，尤其在传动中较为明显。墨辊之间的压力变小了，油墨堆积在墨辊上就会传不下来，当飞达打顿或停机再续印时，由于这时下墨量大，造成前几十张甚几百张的墨色较深，理想的水墨平衡难以实现。这一故障一般不易发现，只有在承印较精细的印品时才较为明显。总之，这方面的操作要细致、方法要科学，否则就会引起水、墨杠、印品的叼口和拖梢部位墨色深浅不一，人为地造成了故障并增大了操作难度。

The equipment needs to be readjusted after two or three months of use, because the diameter of the ink roller will become smaller after a period of high-speed friction, especially in the transmission. When the pressure between the ink rollers becomes smaller, the ink accumulated on the ink rollers will not be transmitted. When Feida stops printing or stops printing again, due to the large amount of ink at this time, the ink color of the first dozens or even hundreds of sheets is deep, and the ideal ink balance is difficult to achieve. This fault is generally not easy to find, and is more obvious only when printing fine prints. In short, the operation in this area should be meticulous and the method should be scientific. Otherwise, the ink color of the mouth and trailing tip of water, ink bar and printing will be different, which will artificially cause faults and increase the difficulty of operation.

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3．实现水墨平衡

3. Achieve ink balance

众所周知，水墨平衡是胶印中的一项重要内容。如果造成水大墨大，使油墨发生水包油型乳化，印品质量当然就不会理想。通过长期实践，笔者摸索出了一些技巧。

As we all know, ink balance is an important content in offset printing. If the water is large and the ink is large, so that the oil in water emulsification of the ink occurs, the printing quality will not be ideal. Through long-term practice, the author has explored some skills.

，确保水、墨辊之间的压力关系调节得当，润版液和异丙醇的含量符合一般标准。在此基础上开机，合上水、墨辊，之后停机查看印版，以印版叼口处略有3mm左右的粘脏为佳。将此时的水量作为印刷初始水量，就能保证一般图文产品的正常印刷，基本实现水墨平衡。

First, ensure that the pressure relationship between water and ink roller is properly adjusted, and the content of fountain solution and isopropanol meets the general standard. On this basis, start the machine, close the water and ink rollers, and then stop the machine to check the printing plate. It is better to have a slight dirt of about 3mm at the mouth of the printing plate. Taking the water volume at this time as the initial water volume of printing can ensure the normal printing of general graphic products and basically realize the balance of water and ink.

其次，根据其他因素灵活调整用水量，如印版图文面积较大，纸张表面较粗糙，油墨中需加入添加剂，印刷速度及空气温、湿度等变化时。

Secondly, the water consumption shall be flexibly adjusted according to other factors, such as the large graphic area of the printing plate, the rough surface of the paper, the need to add additives to the ink, and the change of printing speed, air temperature and humidity.

此外，笔者还发现机器刚开印时，机身温度较低，而当机器高速运转了一两个小时后，机身温度，特别是胶辊温度会上升一倍以上，甚更高，此时用水量就要逐渐加大，直水墨达到新的平衡状态。

In addition, the author also found that when the machine just started printing, the body temperature is low, and when the machine runs at high speed for one or two hours, the body temperature, especially the cot temperature, will more than double or even higher. At this time, the water consumption will gradually increase until the ink reaches a new balance.

可见，要实现水墨平衡并非易事，需要操作人员多方权衡、辨证运用。否则，墨色稳定性难以控制，印不出的印品。

It can be seen that it is not easy to realize the balance of ink and wash, which requires operators to weigh and use dialectically. Otherwise, the ink stability is difficult to control and high-quality prints cannot be printed.

4．打样稿的校正和色序安排

4. Proofing correction and color sequence arrangement

生产中常会遇到这样的情况：客户提供的样稿很不标准，或者不打样而只提供一张彩喷稿。这时要具体情况具体分析，不能用硬性加大墨量或减小墨量的办法来追打样稿的效果。即使刚开始做到了和打样稿较接近，但也无法保证墨色的稳定性，从而无法保证印品终质量。对此，印刷厂应当以认真负责的态度积极和客户交流意见，指出样稿存在的问题和修改建议，取得同意后方可适当调整再印刷。

We often encounter such situations in production: the sample provided by the customer is very non-standard, or only one color spray draft is provided without proofing. At this time, we should analyze the specific situation. We can't use the method of hard increasing or reducing the amount of ink to pursue the effect of proofing. Even if it is close to the proofing draft at the beginning, the stability of the ink cannot be guaranteed, so the final quality of the printing cannot be guaranteed. In this regard, the printing factory shall actively exchange opinions with customers with a serious and responsible attitude, point out the problems existing in the sample and suggestions for modification, and make appropriate adjustment and re printing after obtaining consent.

生产中通常是以油墨黏度来确定多色机的印刷色序，由于在多色印刷中，油墨是以湿压湿的方式叠印在一起，只有获得佳的叠印率，才能印出墨色稳定、一致的印品。印刷色序的安排必须服从印品的特点和质量要求，而不能一成不变。同时，也可以对油墨黏度做出调整。如一个以紫色为主的封面和一个以天蓝色为主的封面，其印刷色序就不同，前者先青后品红，后者先品红后青，否则叠印出来的色彩就会呈斑点状，既不平服也不稳定。如以黑色为主的印品，黑色就应尽量安排在后一个色组，这样印出来的印品，黑色的光泽度较好，也避免了机器内部擦痕和混色现象的发生。

In production, the printing color sequence of multi-color machine is usually determined by ink viscosity. In multi-color printing, the ink is overprinted together in a wet pressing and wet way. Only by obtaining the best overprint rate can we print prints with stable and consistent ink color. The arrangement of printing color sequence must be subject to the characteristics and quality requirements of printing products, not invariable. At the same time, you can also adjust the ink viscosity. For example, the printing color sequence of a purple based cover and a sky blue based cover is different. The former is first green and then magenta, and the latter is first magenta and then green. Otherwise, the overprinted color will be spot like, which is neither plain nor stable. For example, for black based prints, black should be arranged in the last color group as far as possible. In this way, the printed prints have better black gloss and avoid scratches and color mixing inside the machine.

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5．培养良好的操作习惯，加强工作责任心

5. Cultivate good operation habits and strengthen the sense of responsibility

做任何工作都要有高度的责任心和较强的质量意识，必须规范工艺操作，坚持"三平"、"三勤"等好的传统习惯。以勤对样张为例，在对照样板上的签字样时，由于距离、角度、光源等的不同，都会使视觉产生偏差，导致墨色前后不一致，这时必须把签字样从样板上取下来仔细比较才行；长版活的印版需要烤版，以减少换版造成的墨色偏差；橡皮布要经常清洗，每次清洗后都要多放吸墨纸让墨色走稳；飞达打顿后，刚起印的五六张墨色太深要抽出，印刷速度不可贪快，重要的是保持机器稳定、正常；给墨斗添墨时，由于新墨较硬且流动性较差，要多搅拌几下，以免影响下墨量，造成墨色偏差等。

To do any work, we must have a high sense of responsibility and strong quality awareness, standardize process operation, and adhere to good traditional habits such as "three leveling" and "three diligence". Take the example of frequently checking the sample sheet. When comparing the signature words on the template, due to the different distance, angle and light source, the vision will deviate, resulting in inconsistent ink color. At this time, the signature words must be removed from the template and compared carefully; Long version live printing plate needs baking to reduce the ink deviation caused by plate change; The blanket should be cleaned frequently, and more blotting paper should be put after each cleaning to stabilize the ink color; After Feida's printing, the five or six newly printed inks are too deep to be drawn out. The printing speed should not be greedy. The important thing is to keep the machine stable and normal; When adding ink to the ink bucket, because the new ink is hard and has poor fluidity, it should be stirred several times to avoid affecting the amount of ink and causing ink color deviation.